Together, these classes dominated the US Navys destroyer force over the next 25 years. While in the shipyards, Cdr. No. The strategy that the Allies used was to send a group of merchant ships across the Atlantic in a convoy that was escorted by a group of warships, and, when feasible, aircraft. One of the main reasons the filmmakers chose to shoot on the historic battleship is because the Kidd is the only surviving WWII destroyer still in her wartime configuration.If you listen closely during the movie, one of the sailors on the ship refers to a buddy he knows who was on the Kidd. At the end of the year, DesDiv 101 continued on to Luzon, where Haraden was again damaged while escorting a carrier task force in the Sulu Sea and again returned to the West Coast for repairs. They used USS Kidd, a real WWII destroyer, to film the journey of Greyhound. After two deployments, it was back to the shipyard again. Starting on April 24, 1962, KIDD was assigned to the Naval Destroyer School at Newport, Rhode Island. l spent over a year on the USS TINGEY (DD539). With carrier-based aircraft pounding the Japanese installations on the island, KIDD moved off to investigate a submarine contact miles away from the formation. During this time, she served as a training ship for Naval Reservists, cruising up and down the East Coast. From there we were ready to go. 6. That number was necessary to allow around the clock manning of gun mounts, repair parties, and other watch stations. For this reason, all sailors of the Boiler Technician (BT) rating were meticulous about carrying a book of matches around with them at all times. The CO, XO, Officer of the Deck (OOD), Junior Officer of the Deck (JOOD) and appropriate enlisted personnel would proceed to the bridge. The conditions are described as follows: The OOD would then execute a Getting Underway check list. No, not exactly. years the big cutters would play a key role in the United States' efforts to patrol the Atlantic Ocean, escort convoys, and sink U-boats. CAPT John M. Waters, USCG (Ret. In Greece, the former Charrette, renamed Velos (Arrow), is a popular attraction. Thus there were two groups of 2,100-tonners: one-third (58) were high- or round-bridge ships; two-thirds, (117) were low- or square-bridge ships. Heres how to join! A Naval vessel had three conditions of damage control readiness, X-RAY, YOKE, and ZEBRA. Naval Institute is maintaining and preserving the former Naval Historical Foundation website so readers and former NHF members can still access past issues of Pull Together and other content. ed. Her single-pole mast was still in place, though her own post-war damage control plans showed her with a tripod mast. While off Pierpoint Landing in Long Beach Harbor, KIDD was struck by the 9,000-ton Swedish freighter HAINAN on April 21, 1953. I much preferred WESTPAC! While her sonar crews were attempting to verify the contact, lookouts spotted 15 low-flying enemy torpedo bombers which were headed toward the large troopships carrying thousands of Marines who would soon be storming the beaches. Several months later, the President also ordered the U.S. Navy to help escort Allied convoys. The cycle would start at the end of a shipyard overhaul, in our case at the Long Beach Naval Shipyard. The U.S. He currently holds the title of Chief Marine Engineer at Marine Design Dynamics. Technical information All ships of the Fletcher class See all Destroyer classes. US Navy image 19-N-31790. Her story begins in 1939 when work on a new generation of US destroyers began as a result of unsatisfactory performance of the current generation of destroyers. Destroyers, dubbed "tin cans" because of their lack of armor . has slowly been restored back to her August 1945 configuration. Acting as a rescue destroyer (Plane Guard). The ship's 20-mm guns and aft starboard 3-incher, however, took her in their sights and opened up. Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau argued that turning over just the ships would result in logistical and administrative chaos. [2] By February, organization of the ocean escorts had been formalized into American, British, and Canadian groups. 4. KIDD sounded the warning to the rest of the fleet and opened fire, downing two of the attackers. She provided escort for the carrier task force which launched air raids on Wake Island in October of 1943 and then again, in November, for the carriers ESSEX (CV-9), BUNKER HILL (CV-17), and INDEPENDENCE (CV-22) in strikes against Rabaul and Bougainville. In 1941, as U-boat attacks on British and Canadian convoys in the central Atlantic increased, the United States was drawn into a more active role in the conflict. To prevent anyone mistaking their identity at night, the cutters steamed with all lights on and each flew a large American flag illuminated by a spotlight. The freighters bow sliced nearly halfway through the destroyers hull at the deck line, leaving a 15-ft. v-shaped hole that extended three feet below the waterline and flooding the sonar compartment. The Fletcher class formed the backbone of U.S. destroyer forces in World War II. Mrs. Inez Kidd, widow of RADM Kidd, served as the ships sponsor, christening her and presenting her crew with a handsome wardroom guest book in which she wrote: May the destiny of the USS KIDD be glorious! Laid down beginning in 1941, all 175 Fletchers were completed between June 1942 and February 1945, launched an average of 212 days after keel laying and commissioned after an average of 152 days more or 364 days totalnearly 10 per cent faster than the repeat Bensons and Gleaves that preceded them. The Pirates were one of the first tin cansdestroyersto have their very own ice cream machine, something usually reserved for the larger vessels of the fleet. My first 11 years in the Navy were spent in Japan. In fact, U-606 had torpedoed three of the convoy's ships, but the Polish destroyer Berza counterattacked with depth charges, driving her down to dangerous depths, more than 750 feet, and causing extensive external and internal damage. For a secure moor, the lines were Doubled Up. While the vessels drifted clear of each other, the Campbell's 20-mm and 3-inch guns raked the U-boat's conning tower and deck. During the attack on Rabaul, KIDD stopped to pick up the crew of a downed plane from the ESSEX, falling behind the main force of the fleet, and came under attack from a group of eight Japanese dive bombers. Tying up alongside the destroyer tender HAMUL (AD-20), the crew began to make temporary repairs. The KIDD would become the only vessel in the history of the United States Navy to ever have such leave granted to fly the flag of piracy. The Pirate of the Pacific began a series of WESTPAC cruises which lasted from 1954 to 1959. USS The Sullivans (DD-537) The USS Sullivans was a long-range, large destroyer used for anti-submarine warfare, anti-aircraft warfare, and surface action. In 1984, the Dutch fleet oiler ZUIDERKRUIS arrived in Baton Rouge on a port visit and transferred to KIDD two twin 20mm gun mounts, two Mk-16 K-gun depth charge projectors, and twelve 20mm magazine drums. However, the Navy had other ideas and I ended up on the east coast in Florida. Again, the terms is and was are used interchangeably in this article. Named after a swashbuckling Union Civil War captain, the Porter was one of 175 Fletcher-class destroyers built during World War II. In the United States, The Sullivans at Buffalo, Kidd (beautifully restored to late-World War II configuration) at Baton Rouge, and Cassin Young, berthed across the pier from the frigate USS Constitution at the Boston Navy Yard, Charlestown, Massachusetts, are open to the public. You've read 1 out of 5 free articles of Naval History this month. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt had died on April 12, the same day that KIDD had committed her dead to the sea. The crew quickly adopted the pirate Captain Kiddwho ironically hailed from New Yorkas their mascot and hired a local cartoonist to paint the famed buccaneers image high of the forward smokestack. She screened the amphibious operations, serving as a fire-support ship during the landings on Leyte. The Fletcher class was the largest and most important class of U.S. destroyers to serve in the war. She was placed in the Philadelphia Shipyard to await her final fate, one that befell so many of her sister ships: the cutting torch. Robert E. Jeffery, KIDD sailed for the western Pacific arriving at Yokosuka, Japan, in July. While the U-boats did occasionally eavesdrop after stumbling upon the transmitting frequency of the escort ships, as far as we know, they were never able to transmit on that frequency, nor were they able to hack into and broadcast over the convoy's inter-ship communication system. Fletcher -class destroyers boasted ten torpedo tubes, depth charge projectors, and five radar-guided 5" dual-purpose guns allowing them to ably combat aircraft, submarines and surface. Losing the supply lines was a constant worry for the Allies. Arnold Hague, The Allied Convoy System 1939-1945 (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2000). In January, 1952, DESDIV 152 returned to San Diego for overhaul and repair. Restored to her August, 1945 configuration, KIDD is one of the most authentic and accurate restorations in the Historic Fleet. In September of that year, KIDD participated in a top secret mission which carried her to a midnight rendezvous somewhere in the Yellow Sea. She then joined NEW JERSEY (BB-62) on bombardment duty, before being assigned to patrol the Formosa Strait. The Allies had yet to set up a convoy system, and according to the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary, between January and July 1942, 86 ships sank off the coast of North Carolina, claiming the lives of more than 1,100 merchant seamen. No. The date was Wednesday, April 11, 1945. One hundred seventy-five of these ships were built between March 1941 and February 1945. Was on DD650 for 4 years right out of boot camp I am now ret USN MSC you in 76 there is not a day that goes by that I dont think of the best year s of my life I am now 77and I wish I could do it all again when the good Lord takes me I hope he will put me on the USS C APERTON DD650, Pingback: The George Stewart I Knew | Naval Historical Foundation. She continued rescue operations all the while maneuvering to avoid bombs and airborne torpedoes while simultaneously engaging the enemy. Subscribe now and never hit a limit. Pingback: Manning Fletcher Class Destroyers | Naval Historical Foundation, Pingback: Fletcher Class Destroyer Operations - Part II | Naval Historical Foundation. After the three ships met at night on 9 September, the cutters helped care for and transport the survivors back to the United States. In an emergency program to expand capacity, some shipyards were upgraded and other new ones were brought on line. Following this action, KIDDalong with the other ships of DESRON 48sailed for Mare Island Naval Shipyard in California for a major overhaul and refitting. Serving as part of Destroyer Division 96 (DESDIV 96) within Destroyer Squadron 48 (DESRON 48), KIDD functioned in the many roles demanded of the U.S. Navys destroyers: anti-submarine picket duty, picking up downed pilots, shore bombardment, and anti-aircraft platform. The Steering Gear room (After Steering) would be manned. On 17 December, the Ingham was on the western edge of the air gap, sweeping ahead of eastbound Convoy SC-112. Full right rudder was ordered, and the cutter closed to ram the submarine. USS The Sullivans served with . She is a Fletcher-class destroyer and is named after Rear Admiral Isaac C. Kidd, the first US flag officer to die during the Second World War. If you have questions, please contact the Naval Institute via email at member@usni.org or by phone at 800-233-8764. Over the next 3?? In August of 1943, she transited the Panama Canal along with three other destroyers providing escort for USS ALABAMA (BB-60) and SOUTH DAKOTA (BB-57) and proceeded to Pearl Harbor. (similarly, the HMS James/Harry looks like it was modeled on a British Battle-class destroyer, which did not enter service until So the next order was Single up all lines. These conditions are established by closing the appropriate fittings such as valves, hatches, and watertight doors. After the Coast Guard commissioned them in 1936 and '37, one of their main prewar roles had been high-seas search and rescue, and at one time each housed a floatplane in a main-deck hangar. two months later on April 23, KIDD commenced her shakedown cruise at Casco Bay, Maine. In addition, the Coast Guard ships' commissioning pennants were replaced with the Navy flags. ), Bloody Winter, rev. The edition of TIME magazine that week carried a photo of KIDD, announcing that it had been one hundred years since the Jolly Roger had flown in New York Harbor. As a lower class midshipman at Mass Maritime Academy, we were all required to carry them. Each compartment has been treated as a display case into which innumerable artifacts have been collected and arranged just as they would have been when sailors lived and worked on board. Beginning in the fall of 1939, the large white-hulled cutters were assigned the outer limits of the Neutrality Zone. David W. Taylor returned to join them in time for Okinawa, after which she and John D. Henley closed out the war with the Third Fleet off Japan while the other surviving ships of the squadron returned home. The preparations for getting underway have been simplified a great deal as it is not necessary to start the engines until sea detail has been set. The night was overcast with the seas running six to eight feet as the Campbell went to general quarters. Is this Fire Controlman? Charles A. Bellis coming aboard as commanding officer. By the autumn of 1942, the main U-boat menace had moved from the U.S. East Coast back to the North Atlantic. From 1939 to 1945, the Allies lost roughly 3,500 merchant ships and 175 warships. May her victories be triumphant and conclusive!. My dad (Richmond Thomas (RT) Ezzell) was on the TAYLOR DD468 during WWII .Saw at the foot of his grave today another marker with his name, ship, and I suppose rating FC. She was dispatched to relieve the destroyer BROWN (DD-546), bombarding targets of opportunity on the eastern coastline of Korea from Nan-Do Island southward below Kansong. It was here, just ninety miles east of Okinawa, that KIDD suffered her most severe damage of the war. The nine ships came from three yards as follows: flying the skull and crossbones of the Jolly Roger high from the foremast. On 12 June 1944, a new Gearing -class destroyer, USS Chevalier (DD 805) was laid downlike the 451, the third ship of her class from Bath Iron Works. Enemy planes, spotting smoke from the crippled destroyer, attempted to finish her off. In general, the statement that the military spends its time in peacetime preparing to fight the previous war has some merit. Introduced in 1942, the 2,100-ton Fletcher -class destroyers formed the core of the US Navy's destroyer force from 1943. Most COs rarely took the conn themselves but acted more as a teacher and overall safety observer. Twelve members of the U-boat's 47-man crew were rescued by the Campbell and Burza. The engine room and fire room supervisors would man their stations. She saw her first duty covering the North Atlantic sea lanes near Argentia, Newfoundland. Introduced in 1942, the 2,100-ton Fletcher-class destroyers formed the core of the US Navys destroyer force from 1943. But through the efforts of many dedicated people, she avoided the scrapping yard to make one final voyage. A large portion of the movie was shot aboard the USS Kidd (DD-661), a Fletcher-class Navy destroyer named after Rear Admiral Isaac C. Kidd, who lost his life on the bridge of the USS Arizona during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. The lowest numbered Fletcher was the USS FLETCHER (DD445), although the USS NICHOLAS (DD449) was the first ship commissioned on June 4, 1942. This never happened in real life. Named after secretaries of the Treasury, the ships were roomy but relatively slow (19.5 knots maximum speed). When Congressman W. Henson Moore and the citizens of Louisiana began looking for a suitable vessel to serve as a memorial to the states veterans, KIDD was ready to serve once again. Completed in June 1942, she arrived at Guadalcanal in October and soon proved herself during a vital time when the US Navy's posture in the Pacific war was changing from defensive to offensive, an auspicious beginning to a 27-year career. That task accomplished, KIDD departed Philadelphia, arriving under tow at Baton Rouge on May 23, 1982, to a welcoming crowd of over ten thousand. Ports of call included Midway; Yokosuka and Saesbo, Japan; Okinawa; Hong Kong; New Guinea; New Zealand; and Sydney, Australia. Preparations would start several hours before getting underway, primarily down in the engineering spaces. All fittings marked with a black X are kept closed at all times and opened only for temporary access. Finally, the third Fletcher selected was KIDD, largely due to the efforts of Harold Monning, who served aboard her during World War II, and the shipmates of the DESRON 48 Reunion Association. Their detonations practically lifted the U-boat out of the water and badly shook the cutter, which was rapidly losing speed. Six 25-man balsa life rafts were located in Seal Beach, California. The disabled cutter, meanwhile, was towed to Newfoundland for repairs. Once this was accomplished, the OOD would pass the order to stand by to answer all bells to the engine room and them report ready to get underway to the CO. Since 1975 all new destroyer, cruiser, and frigate types have been powered by aircraft derivative gas turbine engines. Detached from bombardment duty, KIDD was ordered to convey an Admiral to Pusan at flank speed. The plant has to be started up from the Central Control Station below decks, but once it is ready for operation throttle control can be transferred to the bridge. Brittin took command of the ship and headed the beleaguered ship southward. Rescuing downed pilots, fighting off suicidal attacks, destroying floating mines, and giving early warning to the fleet of approaching enemy aircraft, KIDD participated in a naval siege which would see the greatest losses ever suffered by the United States Navy. She rests in a unique docking system designed for the near forty foot rise and fall of the river each season. Jenkins was placed in reserve following the end of the war, until 1951, when the ship was reactivated for the Korean War. Required fields are marked *. Despite being rooted in World War II history, the Tom Hanks movie is not directly based on a true story. [3] She returned to San Diego and was decommissioned on December 10, 1946, placed in the Reserve Fleet until such time as she would be called upon again. Some went on to serve during the Korean War and into the Vietnam War. Commissioned back into service on March 28 of that year under the command of Cdr. In conducting our Greyhound fact check, we discovered that up to 80,000 Allied sailors, airmen, and merchant seamen were killed during the six-year-long Battle of the Atlantic, which spanned almost the entirety of WWII. Her keel was laid on Oct . The Spencer and five of her 327-foot Secretary-class sisters helped keep the supply lifeline between North America and Britain open during the Battle of the Atlantic. Allan B. Roby, the destroyer moved across New York Harbor for delivery to the Brooklyn Naval Shipyards . 27 2023 . was one of some notoriety. In those days there was no bridge to bridge radio. It was also more difficult to remain unnoticed by the Germans.The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous battle of WWII. Earl Skinner, a crewman in the Spencer, observed a 5-inch shell hit the conning tower of the surfaced U-boat as survivors jumped into the water. The crew quickly adopted the pirate Captain Kiddwho ironically hailed from New Yorkas their mascot and hired a local cartoonist to paint the famed buccaneers image high of the forward smokestack. The best is probably Wolfgang Petersen's 1981 movie Das Boot, which does a superb job recreating the deplorable conditions, boredom, and nerve-racking tension experienced by the crews. She was still very much in appearance as she had been when the Japanese had surrendered on September 02, 1945. She continued rescue operations all the while maneuvering to avoid bombs and airborne torpedoes while simultaneously engaging the enemy. One of the shells entered the compartment and crossed just above the chest of the pretended casualty. However, when KIDD arrived at the Brooklyn yards, the official message sent back to the yards in Kearny read: The WAVE delivered The Kidd at 2:30 today.. While in restricted waters, naval vessels have a navigation detail set and the ships position was regularly determined by taking visual bearings on objects ashore, supplemented by radar ranges and fathometer readings. did fletcher class destroyers serve in the atlantic? While some changes had taken place since 1945, most of the procedures were carryovers from World War II. Also at this time, long-awaited American destroyer escorts (DEs) and patrol frigates (PFs) appeared in significant numbers, augmenting or replacing older cutters and destroyers. An explanation of Material Conditions is in order. As the cutter neared the target, however, Sasso lost the contact. Sailing for the western Pacific again in February of 1945, KIDD and her sister ships joined Task Force 58, then forming for raids against the Japanese home islands and the invasion of Okinawa. Deployments were six months in length followed by a six month period in the US, about half of which was spent underway in various fleet exercises off the West Coast. The buoys were held firmly in place by several anchors and they provided for a secure mooring. After seven minutes, the ships ceased firing and a Coast Guard boarding party from the Spencer headed for the smoking U-boat. Copyright 2023 HistoryvsHollywood.com, CTF Media, Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile, subscribe to the History vs. Hollywood YouTube Channel. Along with her signal flags, the Jolly Roger flies high from her mast and the image of the pirate looks out from her forward stack, greeting passers-by both on shore and aboard visiting riverboats. From the 1958 Halsey Powell cruise book. She was a fine destroyer and served in WWII as a real war ship. Both pilots were recovered and three enemy planes were shot down, with one more kill probable and hits scored on several of the remaining aircraft. The ship had to approach very carefully directly into the current and hold itself in position during this process. Harry G. Moore coming aboard in his stead. Suddenly, at 2315, Sasso heard the screw beats of a U-boat only 1,200 yards ahead. The part of Greyhound that's based on a true story is the Battle of the Atlantic, in which the fictional USS Keelingbecomes involved. It was early on at this point in her career when she picked up the nickname that would become her trademark. She and the other ships of her squadron were among the first to encounter the Japanese planes which came out to meet the great armada threatening Japans shores. Also ordered the U.S. East Coast back to the sea crew began to make one final voyage is! Of their lack of armor the engineering spaces of Okinawa, that KIDD had committed her did fletcher class destroyers serve in the atlantic? to the vs.... Our case at the Long Beach Naval shipyard, a real War ship the Naval destroyer School at Newport Rhode. 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